MT3D

Criterion

Explanation

General Description

Subsurface simulation of saturated zone solute transport. Uses output from MODFLOW to solve convective-dispersion equation.

Model Domain

Subsurface saturated zone

Developer

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

Hardware computing requirements

Used on personal computers running various versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system
It is recommended to have 2 GB of RAM available to hold all required data. If there is insufficient RAM to run the model, then MT3D-USGS will not initiate the beginning of the simulation.

Code language

FORTRAN 90

Original application

MT3D-USGS is an updated release of the groundwater solute transport code MT3DMS. The code now simulates unsaturated-zone transport and transport within streams and lakes, including solute exchange with connected groundwater. Other capabilities include:

• Routes a solute through dry cells that may occur in the Newton-Raphson formulation of MODFLOW (BTN Package)
  
• Simulates interspecies reactions and parent-daughter chain reactions (RCT Package)
  
• Simulates solute retardation and decay
  
• Simulates dynamic recirculation with or without treatment for combinations of wells
  Backward compatibility with existing MT3DMS models is assured.

Public/proprietary and cost

Public; No cost

Physically or empirically based

Physically based

Mathematical methods used

MT3D-USGS solves an advection-dispersion-reaction in a groundwater flow system under generalized hydrogeologic conditions. The code implements a corrected formulation of the transient storage term.
New improvements in the code include:

• Partitioning coefficient (Kd) within mobile and immobile domains are separately specified;
  
• Concentrations may be prescribed to the top-most active layer;
  
• The change in mass storage owing to the change in water volume now appears as its own budget item in the global mass balance summary;
  
• Hydrocarbon Spill-Source Package (HSS) mass loading zones are defined using regular and irregular polygons, in addition to the currently supported circular zones;
  
• Absolute minimum thickness can be specified, rather than just using the default percent minimum thickness in dry-cell circumstances.

Input data requirements

MT3D-USGS will not work if a flow-transport link file has not first been
generated by MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005) or MODFLOW-NWT.
The data arrays in MT3D-USGS are dynamically allocated, so models are not
limited by hard-coded array limits.
The NAME file contains the names of most input and output files used in a model simulation and controls the parts of the model program that are active. This contains variables including the many budget, transport, and reaction packages.
Files such as those used for input of concentrations saved in a previous simulation as the initial condition for a continuation run are read in as binary (unformatted) files. Files such as those used to save formatted concentrations at observation points and mass budget summaries, or for input data from files that are separate from the primary package input files, are input as text files.

Outputs

An output listing file is required for every simulation.
Output can be saved for:
The (binary) concentration file, the formatted concentration observation file, the formatted mass budget summary file, and the model configuration file.
Optional CTO file (ASCII) contains a well-by-well printout of the mass balance related to the CTS mass budget package.

Pre-processing and post-processing tools

Visual MODFLOW (Waterloo Hydrogeologic), Groundwater Vistas (Rockware), USGS Model Muse and Model Viewer

Representation of uncertainty

The model does not have built-in uncertainty representation. This can be assessed for each specific case using sensitivity analysis.

Prevalence

The following scientific publications describe MT3D. For consistency with the way other model summaries are written, provide general statement of prevelance, cite papers, and move references to the end.
Daniel T. Feinstein, Mary Ann Thomas 2009, Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5066. Hypothetical Modeling of Redox Conditions Within a Complex Ground-Water Flow Field in a Glacial Setting.
Alyssa M. Dausman, Christian D. Langevin 2005, Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5256. Movement of the saltwater interface in the surficial aquifer system in response to hydrologic stresses and water-management practices, Broward County, Florida.
Deverel, S. J, Leighton, D. A, Lucero, C., & Ingrum, T. (2017). Simulation of Subsidence Mitigation Effects on Island Drain Flow, Seepage, and Organic Carbon Loads on Subsided Islands Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 15(4). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4q340190.

Ease of use for public entities

There are no restrictions for use. Model files can be accessed at:
https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/mt3d-usgs/

Ease of obtaining information and availability of technical support

User guides and example problems available. There is limited support for correcting bugs and clarification of how MT3D-USGS is intended to work.
Vivek Bedekar (vivekb@sspa.com):
S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc.
7944 Wisconsin Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20814

Eric Morway (emorway@usgs.gov)
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road
Carson City, NV 89701

Source code availability

Source code available via https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/mt3d-usgs/

Status of model development

Developed and available for use.

Challenges for Integration

For integration with surface water modeling, temporal and spatial scales and calculations associated with MODFLOW modeling are different that those used for surface water models. See challenges associated with MODFLOW. MT3D used for simulation of DOC transport and loads on Delta islands.