HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program FORTRAN)

Criterion	Explanation
General Description	HSPF is a continuous simulation model developed for both natural and developed watershed and water systems. It simulates land surface and subsurface hydrology, stream/lake hydraulics, and water quality processes. It is based upon the original Stanford Watershed Model IV and a consolidation of the Agricultural Runoff Management Model (ARM), Non-point Source Runoff Model (NPS) and Hydrological Simulation Program (HSP). HSPF is a lumped parameter approach (limited spatial definition) and includes a simplified representation of urban drainage system components (pipes, culverts, CSOs). The model also provides tools for data management and storage, statistical analysis, and operations. HSPF is the core watershed model in EPA BASINS and Army Corps Watershed Modeling System (WMS). The model is developed and maintained by EPA and USGS. The model website is at: http://www.aquaterra.com/resources/hspfsupport/index.php
Model Domain	Watershed land and stream processes
Developer	Aqua Terra, USGS, EPA
Hardware computing requirements	Windows
Code language	FORTRAN
Original application	Urban and suburban environments
Public/proprietary and cost	Public; freely available
Physically or empirically based	Physically based
Mathematical methods used	Runoff: water balance; Infiltration: Green-Ampt or Maryland Method; Flow Routing: kinematic wave and Chezy- Manning equation for overland flow (turbulent); Water Quality: Single organic chemicals and their transformation products (hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, biodegradation, volatilization and sorption can be modeled. Sorption (only in reaches/streams) is modeled as a first-order kinetic process (user specified desorption rate and equilibrium partition coefficient). Sediment transport simulated for sand, clay, or silt and washoff is modeled as an exponential function or a constant unit removal rate by overland flow.
Input data requirements	Precipitation (hourly), temperature, evaporation, wind speed, solar radiation, potential evapotranspiration, dew point temperature, cloud cover snow, soil properties, pollutant location and load, land use/cover, soil properties, DEM, hydrography, watershed characterization, channel and bed characteristics. Calibration/validation: flow, sediment, and water quality data.
Outputs	Flow and water quality by reach
Pre-processing and post-processing tools	HSPF is part of EPA's Basins modeling framework. Several user interfaces have been developed for HSPF including WinHSPF.
Representation of uncertainty	Uncertainty analysis is not integrated into the model.
Prevalence	High. There have been hundreds of applications of HSPF all over the world.
Ease of use for public entities	Training and user support available.
Ease of obtaining information and availability of technical support	Training and user support available.
Source code availability	The source code is publicly available.
Status of model development	The model is mature.
Challenges in integration	HSPF is designed to be used in an integrated framework like EPA's Basins, therefore challenges to integration are few.

References
USGS, 2015. CASCaDE II Project Final Report. Available online at: https://cascade.wr.usgs.gov/reports/C2_final_report/CASCaDE_2_Final_Report.pdf

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